TSS: Facts, Risks, and How to Stay Safe
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Health
TSS: Facts, Risks, and Safety
An evidence-based guide to Toxic Shock Syndrome — what it is and how to stay safe.
What Is TSS?
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare bacterial infection caused by toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus. It gained attention in the 1980s following cases linked to specific super-absorbent tampon brands that have since been removed from the market.
How Rare Is It?
TSS associated with tampon use affects approximately 1–3 people per 100,000 menstruating individuals per year. The significantly higher-absorbency products associated with the 1980s outbreak are no longer sold.
Best Practices
- Change tampons every 4–8 hours — never leave in for more than 8 hours
- Use the lowest absorbency that meets your needs
- Use pads overnight rather than tampons when possible
- Wash hands before and after insertion or removal
⚠️ Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Sudden high fever above 38.9°C / 102°F
- Rash resembling a sunburn
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Dizziness or fainting
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